"przyczyna" meaning in All languages combined

See przyczyna on Wiktionary

Noun [język polski]

IPA: pʃɨˈt͡ʃɨ̃na, pšyčỹna [Slavic-alphabet] Audio: Pl-przyczyna.ogg , LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-przyczyna.wav
Forms: przyczyny [genitive, singular], przyczynie [dative, singular], przyczynę [accusative, singular], przyczyną [instrumental, singular], przyczynie [locative, singular], przyczyno [vocative, singular], przyczyny [nominative, plural], przyczyn [genitive, plural], przyczynom [dative, plural], przyczyny [accusative, plural], przyczynami [instrumental, plural], przyczynach [locative, plural], przyczyny [vocative, plural]
  1. powód, dla którego coś się stało; czynnik, który wywołał jakieś zjawisko
    Sense id: pl-przyczyna-pl-noun-qXrrIxdj
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: powód, czynnik Translations: cause (angielski), reason (angielski), سبب (arabski), أصل (arabski), أجل (arabski), причина [feminine] (bułgarski), 道理 (dàolǐ) (chiński standardowy), pśicyna (dolnołużycki), foranledning [common] (duński), anledning [common] (duński), årsag [common] (duński), grund [common] (duński), kaŭzo (esperanto), cause [feminine] (francuski), kau (hawajski), causa [feminine] (hiszpański), 理由 (japoński), りゆう (japoński), causa [feminine] (kataloński), себеп (kazachski), oorzaak [feminine] (niderlandzki), Grund [masculine] (niemiecki), Ursache [feminine] (niemiecki), αιτία [feminine] (nowogrecki), причина [feminine] (rosyjski), pricină [feminine] (rumuński), हेतु (sanskryt), anledning [common] (szwedzki), grund [common] (szwedzki), skäl [neuter] (szwedzki), orsak [common] (szwedzki), príčina [feminine] (słowacki), причина [feminine] (ukraiński), urzah [feminine] (wilamowski), ürzaoch [feminine] (wilamowski), ürzah [feminine] (wilamowski), causa (łaciński)
Categories (other): Polski (indeks) Related terms: przyczyna wypadku, przyczyna jakiegoś działania, przyczyna katastrofy, przyczynić (się), przyczyniać (się), przyczynienie [noun, neuter], przyczynianie [neuter], przyczynowość [feminine], bezprzyczynowość [feminine], przyczynowy [adjective], przyczynowo [adverb]
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "skutek"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Polski (indeks)",
      "orig": "polski (indeks)",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "przyczyny",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczynie",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczynę",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczyną",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczynie",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczyno",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "vocative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczyny",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczyn",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczynom",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczyny",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczynami",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczynach",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczyny",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "vocative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "język polski",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_text": "rzeczownik",
  "proverbs": [
    {
      "word": "nic się na ziemi bez przyczyny nie dzieje"
    }
  ],
  "related": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "przyczyna wypadku"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "przyczyna jakiegoś działania"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "przyczyna katastrofy"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "czas.",
        "dk."
      ],
      "word": "przyczynić (się)"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "ndk."
      ],
      "word": "przyczyniać (się)"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun",
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "przyczynienie"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "przyczynianie"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "przyczynowość"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "bezprzyczynowość"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "przyczynowy"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ],
      "word": "przyczynowo"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Z niewiadomej przyczyny postanowił wyjechać."
        },
        {
          "text": "Wszystko ma swoją przyczynę."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "powód, dla którego coś się stało; czynnik, który wywołał jakieś zjawisko"
      ],
      "id": "pl-przyczyna-pl-noun-qXrrIxdj",
      "sense_index": "1.1"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "pʃɨˈt͡ʃɨ̃na"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "pšyčỹna",
      "tags": [
        "Slavic-alphabet"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "Pl-przyczyna.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/Pl-przyczyna.ogg/Pl-przyczyna.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pl-przyczyna.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-przyczyna.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-przyczyna.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-przyczyna.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-przyczyna.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-przyczyna.wav.ogg",
      "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-przyczyna.wav"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "powód"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "czynnik"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "feminine"
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "angielski",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "cause"
    },
    {
      "lang": "angielski",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "reason"
    },
    {
      "lang": "arabski",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "سبب"
    },
    {
      "lang": "arabski",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "أصل"
    },
    {
      "lang": "arabski",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "أجل"
    },
    {
      "lang": "bułgarski",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "причина"
    },
    {
      "lang": "chiński standardowy",
      "lang_code": "zh",
      "roman": "dàolǐ",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "道理"
    },
    {
      "lang": "dolnołużycki",
      "lang_code": "dsb",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "pśicyna"
    },
    {
      "lang": "duński",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "foranledning"
    },
    {
      "lang": "duński",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "anledning"
    },
    {
      "lang": "duński",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "årsag"
    },
    {
      "lang": "duński",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "grund"
    },
    {
      "lang": "esperanto",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "kaŭzo"
    },
    {
      "lang": "francuski",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cause"
    },
    {
      "lang": "hawajski",
      "lang_code": "haw",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "kau"
    },
    {
      "lang": "hiszpański",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "causa"
    },
    {
      "lang": "japoński",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "理由"
    },
    {
      "lang": "japoński",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "りゆう"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kataloński",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "causa"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kazachski",
      "lang_code": "kk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "себеп"
    },
    {
      "lang": "łaciński",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "causa"
    },
    {
      "lang": "niderlandzki",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "oorzaak"
    },
    {
      "lang": "niemiecki",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Grund"
    },
    {
      "lang": "niemiecki",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Ursache"
    },
    {
      "lang": "nowogrecki",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "αιτία"
    },
    {
      "lang": "rosyjski",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "причина"
    },
    {
      "lang": "rumuński",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pricină"
    },
    {
      "lang": "sanskryt",
      "lang_code": "sa",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "हेतु"
    },
    {
      "lang": "słowacki",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "príčina"
    },
    {
      "lang": "szwedzki",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "anledning"
    },
    {
      "lang": "szwedzki",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "grund"
    },
    {
      "lang": "szwedzki",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "skäl"
    },
    {
      "lang": "szwedzki",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "orsak"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ukraiński",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "причина"
    },
    {
      "lang": "wilamowski",
      "lang_code": "wym",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "urzah"
    },
    {
      "lang": "wilamowski",
      "lang_code": "wym",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ürzaoch"
    },
    {
      "lang": "wilamowski",
      "lang_code": "wym",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ürzah"
    }
  ],
  "word": "przyczyna"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "skutek"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "polski (indeks)"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "przyczyny",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczynie",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczynę",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczyną",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczynie",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczyno",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "vocative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczyny",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczyn",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczynom",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczyny",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczynami",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczynach",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "przyczyny",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "vocative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "język polski",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_text": "rzeczownik",
  "proverbs": [
    {
      "word": "nic się na ziemi bez przyczyny nie dzieje"
    }
  ],
  "related": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "przyczyna wypadku"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "przyczyna jakiegoś działania"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "przyczyna katastrofy"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "czas.",
        "dk."
      ],
      "word": "przyczynić (się)"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "ndk."
      ],
      "word": "przyczyniać (się)"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun",
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "przyczynienie"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "przyczynianie"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "przyczynowość"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "bezprzyczynowość"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "przyczynowy"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ],
      "word": "przyczynowo"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Z niewiadomej przyczyny postanowił wyjechać."
        },
        {
          "text": "Wszystko ma swoją przyczynę."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "powód, dla którego coś się stało; czynnik, który wywołał jakieś zjawisko"
      ],
      "sense_index": "1.1"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "pʃɨˈt͡ʃɨ̃na"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "pšyčỹna",
      "tags": [
        "Slavic-alphabet"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "Pl-przyczyna.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/Pl-przyczyna.ogg/Pl-przyczyna.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pl-przyczyna.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-przyczyna.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-przyczyna.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-przyczyna.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-przyczyna.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-przyczyna.wav.ogg",
      "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-przyczyna.wav"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "powód"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "czynnik"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "feminine"
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "angielski",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "cause"
    },
    {
      "lang": "angielski",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "reason"
    },
    {
      "lang": "arabski",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "سبب"
    },
    {
      "lang": "arabski",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "أصل"
    },
    {
      "lang": "arabski",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "أجل"
    },
    {
      "lang": "bułgarski",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "причина"
    },
    {
      "lang": "chiński standardowy",
      "lang_code": "zh",
      "roman": "dàolǐ",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "道理"
    },
    {
      "lang": "dolnołużycki",
      "lang_code": "dsb",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "pśicyna"
    },
    {
      "lang": "duński",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "foranledning"
    },
    {
      "lang": "duński",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "anledning"
    },
    {
      "lang": "duński",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "årsag"
    },
    {
      "lang": "duński",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "grund"
    },
    {
      "lang": "esperanto",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "kaŭzo"
    },
    {
      "lang": "francuski",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cause"
    },
    {
      "lang": "hawajski",
      "lang_code": "haw",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "kau"
    },
    {
      "lang": "hiszpański",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "causa"
    },
    {
      "lang": "japoński",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "理由"
    },
    {
      "lang": "japoński",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "りゆう"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kataloński",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "causa"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kazachski",
      "lang_code": "kk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "себеп"
    },
    {
      "lang": "łaciński",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "causa"
    },
    {
      "lang": "niderlandzki",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "oorzaak"
    },
    {
      "lang": "niemiecki",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Grund"
    },
    {
      "lang": "niemiecki",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Ursache"
    },
    {
      "lang": "nowogrecki",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "αιτία"
    },
    {
      "lang": "rosyjski",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "причина"
    },
    {
      "lang": "rumuński",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pricină"
    },
    {
      "lang": "sanskryt",
      "lang_code": "sa",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "हेतु"
    },
    {
      "lang": "słowacki",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "príčina"
    },
    {
      "lang": "szwedzki",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "anledning"
    },
    {
      "lang": "szwedzki",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "grund"
    },
    {
      "lang": "szwedzki",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "skäl"
    },
    {
      "lang": "szwedzki",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "orsak"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ukraiński",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "причина"
    },
    {
      "lang": "wilamowski",
      "lang_code": "wym",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "urzah"
    },
    {
      "lang": "wilamowski",
      "lang_code": "wym",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ürzaoch"
    },
    {
      "lang": "wilamowski",
      "lang_code": "wym",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ürzah"
    }
  ],
  "word": "przyczyna"
}

Download raw JSONL data for przyczyna meaning in All languages combined (6.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the plwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-20 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.